{"id":5400,"date":"2024-02-29T16:03:22","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T08:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/?p=5400"},"modified":"2024-03-02T17:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-02T09:06:13","slug":"django-%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89-django-%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e9%94%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/?p=5400","title":{"rendered":"DJango \u6846\u67b6\u5b66\u4e60\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\uff08\u4e09\uff09 \u2014\u2014 DJango \u6846\u67b6\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u9519\u8bef\u4e00\uff1aTypeError: ForeignKey.__init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 DJango \u6846\u67b6\u751f\u6210\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08python manage.py makemigrations
 \u5e94\u7528\u540d\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u51fa\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

(ll_env) D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log>python manage.py makemigrations learning_logs<\/strong>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\manage.py\", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\manage.py\", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\management\\__init__.py\", line 442, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\management\\__init__.py\", line 416, in execute
    django.setup()
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\__init__.py\", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\apps\\registry.py\", line 116, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\apps\\config.py\", line 269, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File \"D:\\Python\\Python312\\Lib\\importlib\\__init__.py\", line 90, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 1387, in _gcd_import
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 1360, in _find_and_load
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 1331, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 935, in _load_unlocked
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>\", line 994, in exec_module
  File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_logs\\models.py\", line 15, in <module>
    class Entry(models.Model):
  File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_logs\\models.py\", line 17, in Entry
    topic = models.ForeignKey(Topic)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: ForeignKey.__init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(ll_env) D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5728 DJango 2.0 \u540e\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5916\u952e\u548c\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u52a0 on_delete \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8001\u7248\u672c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08models.CASCADE\uff09\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u914d\u7f6e\u5916\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 DJango \u65f6\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

class Entry(models.Model):\n    \"\"\"\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\"\"\"\n    topic = models.ForeignKey(Topic)\n    text = models.TextField()\n    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)\n\n\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a\n\nclass Entry(models.Model):\n    \"\"\"\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\"\"\"\n    topic = models.ForeignKey(Topic, on_delete=models.CASCADE<\/strong>)\n    text = models.TextField()\n    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u518d\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u5df2\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 \u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9519\u8bef\u4e8c\uff1aModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'learning_logs.urls'<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 url \u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6539\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u540e\u53f0\u62a5\u9519\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_log\\urls.py changed, reloading.
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \"D:\\Python\\Python312\\Lib\\threading.py\", line 1073, in bootstrap_inner self.run() File \"D:\\Python\\Python312\\Lib\\threading.py\", line 1010, in run self._target(*self._args, *self._kwargs) File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\autoreload.py\", line 64, in wrapper fn(args, **kwargs)
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\management\\commands\\runserver.py\", line 133, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\management\\base.py\", line 486, in check
all_issues = checks.run_checks(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\checks\\registry.py\", line 88, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs, databases=databases)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\checks\\urls.py\", line 42, in check_url_namespaces_unique
all_namespaces = _load_all_namespaces(resolver)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\core\\checks\\urls.py\", line 61, in _load_all_namespaces
url_patterns = getattr(resolver, \"url_patterns\", [])
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\functional.py\", line 47, in get<\/strong>
res = instance.dict<\/strong>[self.name] = self.func(instance)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\urls\\resolvers.py\", line 738, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, \"urlpatterns\", self.urlconf_module)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\utils\\functional.py\", line 47, in get<\/strong>
res = instance.dict<\/strong>[self.name] = self.func(instance)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\urls\\resolvers.py\", line 731, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"D:\\Python\\Python312\\Lib\\importlib__init_<\/em>.py\", line 90, in import_module
return bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File \"\", line 1387, in _gcd_import File \"\", line 1360, in _find_and_load File \"\", line 1331, in _find_and_load_unlocked File \"\", line 935, in _load_unlocked File \"\", line 994, in exec_module File \"\", line 488, in _call_with_frames_removed File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_log\\urls.py\", line 22, in path('', include('learning_logs.urls')), ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File \"D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\ll_env\\Lib\\site-packages\\django\\urls\\conf.py\", line 39, in include urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File \"D:\\Python\\Python312\\Lib\\importlib__init_<\/em>.py\", line 90, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File \"\", line 1387, in _gcd_import
File \"\", line 1360, in _find_and_load
File \"\", line 1324, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'learning_logs.urls'<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
(ll_env) D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e URL \u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505c\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u901a\u8fc7 runserver \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u8bbf\u95ee\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9519\u8bef\u4e09\uff1aMethod Not Allowed (GET): \/user\/logout\/<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u200b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 DJango \u6846\u67b6\u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u3010\u767b\u51fa\u3011\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u62a5\u9519\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Method Not Allowed (GET): \/user\/logout\/
Method Not Allowed: \/user\/logout\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u9000\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u539f\u5148\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u767b\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u89c1\u7b2c6\u884c\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<p>\n    <a href=\"{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}\">\u9996\u9875<\/a>\n    <a href=\"{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}\">\u4e3b\u9898<\/a>\n    {% if user.is_authenticated %}\n        \u4f60\u597d\uff0c{{ user.username }}\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u60a8\u767b\u5f55^^\n        <a href=\"{% url 'users:logout' %}\">\u767b\u51fa<\/a><\/strong>\n    {% else %}\n        <a href=\"{% url 'users:login' %}\">\u767b\u5f55<\/a>\n    {% endif %}\n<\/p>\n\n{% block content %}{% endblock content %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u539f\u56e0\u662f DJango \u7248\u672c\u4ece 5 \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62 cross-site \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020 CSRF\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u767b\u51fa\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 mini-form \u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<p>\n    <a href=\"{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}\">\u9996\u9875<\/a>\n    <a href=\"{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}\">\u4e3b\u9898<\/a>\n    {% if user.is_authenticated %}\n        \u4f60\u597d\uff0c{{ user.username }}\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u60a8\u767b\u5f55^^\n        <form method=\"post\" action=\"{% url 'users:logout' %}\">\n            {% csrf_token %}\n            <button type=\"submit\">\u767b\u51fa<\/button>\n        <\/form><\/strong>\n    {% else %}\n        <a href=\"{% url 'users:login' %}\">\u767b\u5f55<\/a>\n    {% endif %}\n<\/p>\n\n{% block content %}{% endblock content %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u3010\u767b\u51fa\u3011\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u6b63\u5e38\u6ce8\u9500\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u767b\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u200b\u200b\u9519\u8bef4\uff1aCommandError: You must set settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS if DEBUG is False.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u200b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0DJango\u00a0\u6846\u67b6\u4fee\u6539\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f DEBUG = False \u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u9879\u76ee\u8fd0\u884c\u62a5\u9519\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_log\\settings.py changed, reloading.
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...<\/p>\n\n\n\n
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
March 02, 2024 - 16:48:57
Django version 5.0.2, using settings 'learning_log.settings'
Starting development server at http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8001\/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D:\\workspace\\workspace-mengll\\learning-log\\learning_log\\settings.py changed, reloading.
CommandError: You must set settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS if DEBUG is False.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7531 DJango \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684 settings.py \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d DEBUG \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a False \u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6eALLOWED_HOSTS \u7684\u503c\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 DEBUG \u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539 ALLOWED_HOSTS \u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!\nDEBUG = False\n\nALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost']<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\u6216\u8005 IP \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e2d\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u914d\u7f6e\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u6216 IP \u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] \u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6301\u7eed\u8865\u5145\u4e2d\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u9519\u8bef\u4e00\uff1aTypeError: ForeignKey.__init__() missing 1 required […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[921],"tags":[922,335,186,813,332],"class_list":["post-5400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-django","tag-django","tag-error","tag-mysql","tag-python","tag-332"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5400"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5412,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions\/5412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.menglanglang.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}